ABSTRACT
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly rising disease with cardiovascular complications constituting the most common cause of death among diabetic patients. Chronic hyperglycemia can induce vascular dysfunction through damage of the components of the vascular wall, such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which regulate vascular tone and contribute to vascular repair and remodeling. These functions are dependent on intracellular Ca2+ changes. The mechanisms by which T2DM affects Ca2+ handling in VSMCs still remain poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether and how T2DM affects Ca2+ homeostasis in VSMCs. We evaluated intracellular Ca2+ signaling in VSMCs from Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats using Ca2+ imaging with Fura-2/AM. Our results indicate that T2DM decreases Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and increases the activity of store-operated channels (SOCs). Moreover, we were able to identify an enhancement of the activity of the main Ca2+ extrusion mechanisms (SERCA, PMCA and NCX) during the early stage of the decay of the ATP-induced Ca2+ transient. In addition, we found an increase in Ca2+ entry through the reverse mode of NCX and a decrease in SERCA and PMCA activity during the late stage of the signal decay. These effects were appreciated as a shortening of ATP-induced Ca2+ transient during the early stage of the decay, as well as an increase in the amplitude of the following plateau. Enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ activity in VSMCs could contribute to vascular dysfunction associated with T2DM.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the degree of job satisfaction and burnout in professionals of the Clinical Hospital Herminda Martín. The study was quantitative, descriptivecorrelational, cross-sectional and non-experimental. The sample of 166 officials was representative and\r\nsampling was probabilistic. The professionals belonged to the emergency services, anesthesia service,\r\nsurgical ward, internal medicine and surgery services. The instruments used were the Maslach Inventory\r\nfor Burnout and the S20/23 by J. M. Peiró and J. M. Meliá to measure job satisfaction. In addition, sociodemographic aspects were incorporated. The reliability coefficient of the instruments was 0.871 for job\r\nsatisfaction and 0.625 for burnout. The results obtained concluded that there is a significant negative\r\ncorrelation between job satisfaction and burnout. There were no significant differences between the variables studied and the sociodemographic aspects, except for the service dimension because the results\r\nindicated that the medicine and emergency units had higher burnout indicators, while the anesthesia\r\nand ward service had low burnout rates and greater indicators of job satisfaction. 91% of the sample\r\nwas at risk of suffering from burnout, while 52.6% revealed job satisfaction. The dimensions with\r\nhighest evaluations were supervision and intrinsic satisfaction, while working conditions and physical\r\nenvironment must be improved. On the other hand, in relation to burnout, people indicated that they\r\nsuffered from high depersonalization and low personal fulfillment. It is necessary to create strategies in\r\neach service to improve the indicators of burnout and job satisfaction found.
El objetivo del estudio es analizar la relación entre el grado de satisfacción laboral y el burnout en\r\nprofesionales del Hospital Clínico Herminda Martín. El estudio es cuantitativo, descriptivo-correlacional,\r\ntransversal y no experimental. La muestra fue representativa y estuvo compuesta por 166 funcionarios;\r\nel muestreo fue probabilístico, de los servicios de emergencias, anestesia y pabellón, médico-quirúrgico,\r\nmedicina interna y cirugía. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Maslach Inventory para burnout y el\r\nS20/23 de J. M. Peiró y J. M. Meliá para medir satisfacción laboral. Además, se integraron aspectos sociodemográficos. El coeficiente de fiabilidad de los instrumentos, es de 0.871 para satisfacción laboral y 0.625 para burnout. Los resultados obtenidos señalan que existe una correlación negativa y significativa entre satisfacción laboral y burnout. No existieron diferencias significativas entre las variables estudiadas y los aspectos sociodemográficos, excepto con la dimensión Servicio, porque los resultados indican que las unidades de medicina y emergencia poseen indicadores de burnout más elevados, mientras que el servicio de anestesia y pabellón tiene índices bajos de burnout y mayores indicadores de satisfacción laboral. El 91% de la muestra tiene riesgo de padecer burnout, y el 52.6% presenta satisfacción laboral. Las dimensiones mejor evaluadas son Supervisión y Satisfacción intrínseca, mientras que las condiciones laborales y el ambiente físico deben ser mejoradas. Por otro lado, en relación con el burnout, las personas indican que se encuentran con alta despersonalización y baja realización personal. Es necesario crear estrategias en cada servicio que mejoren los indicadores de burnout y satisfacción laboral encontrados.
Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Health , Health Personnel/psychology , Occupational Stress , Burnout, Psychological , Occupational Risks , Burnout, ProfessionalABSTRACT
Noise generation in a subsonic round jet is studied by a simplified model, in which nonlinear interactions of spatially evolving instability modes lead to the radiation of sound. The spatial mode evolution is computed using linear parabolized stability equations. Nonlinear interactions are found on a mode-by-mode basis and the sound radiation characteristics are determined by solution of the Lilley-Goldstein equation. Since mode interactions are computed explicitly, it is possible to find their relative importance for sound radiation. The method is applied to a single stream jet for which experimental data are available. The model gives Strouhal numbers of 0.45 for the most amplified waves in the jet and 0.19 for the dominant sound radiation. While in near field axisymmetric and the first azimuthal modes are both important, far-field sound is predominantly axisymmetric. These results are in close correspondence with experiment, suggesting that the simplified model is capturing at least some of the important mechanisms of subsonic jet noise.
